A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO₂ data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO₂ Atlas (SOCAT)

Dorothee C. E. Bakker (1) , Benjamin Pfeil (2) , Camilla S. Landa (3) , Nicolas Metzl (4) , Kevin M. O'Brien (5) , Are Olsen (3) , Karl M. Smith (6, 5) , Catherine E. Cosca (5) , Sumiko Harasawa (7) , Stephen D. Jones (3) , Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka (7) , Yukihiro Nojiri (7) , Ute Schuster (8) , Tobias Steinhoff (9) , Colm Sweeney (10) , Taro Takahashi (11) , Bronte Tilbrook (12) , Chisato Wada (7) , Rik H. Wanninkhof (13) , Simone R. Alin (5) , Carlos F. Balestrini (14) , Leticia Barbero (13, 15) , Nicholas R. Bates (16) , Alejandro A. Bianchi (14) , Frédéric Bonou (17) , Jacqueline Boutin (18) , Yann Bozec (19) , Eugene F. Burger (5) , Wei-Jun Cai (20) , Robert D. Castle (13) , Liqi Chen (21) , Melissa Chierici (22) , Kim Currie (23) , Wiley Evans (5) , Charles Featherstone (13) , Richard A. Feely (5) , Agneta Fransson (24) , Catherine Goyet (25) , Naomi Greenwood (26) , Luke Gregor (27) , Steven Hankin (5) , Nick J. Hardman-Mountford (28) , Jérôme Harlay (29) , Judith Hauck (30) , Mario Hoppema (30) , Matthew P. Humphreys (16) , Christopher W. Hunt (31) , Betty Huss (13) , J. Severino P. Ibánhez (32) , Truls Johannessen (3) , Ralph F. Keeling (33) , Vassilis Kitidis (34) , Arne Körtzinger (9) , Alex Kozyr (35) , Evangelia Krasakopoulou (36) , Akira Kuwata (37) , Peter Landschützer (38) , Siv K. Lauvset (3, 39) , Nathalie Lefèvre (40) , Claire Lo Monaco (4) , Ansley B. Manke (5) , Jeremy T. Mathis (5) , Liliane Merlivat (18) , Frank J. Millero (41) , Pedro M. S. Monteiro (27) , David R. Munro (42, 43) , Akihiko Murata (44) , Timothy Newberger (45) , Abdirahman M. Omar (2, 39) , Tsuneo Ono (46) , Kristina Paterson (28) , David Pearce (26) , Denis Pierrot (13, 15) , Lisa L. Robbins (47) , Shu Saito (48) , Joseph E. Salisbury (49) , Reiner Schlitzer (30) , Bernd Schneider (50) , Roland Schweitzer (51) , Rainer Sieger (30) , Ingunn Skjelvan (3) , Kevin F. Sullivan (13) , Stewart C. Sutherland (11) , Adrienne J. Sutton (5, 6) , Kazuaki Tadokoro (37) , Maciej Telszewski (52) , Matthias Tuma (53) , Steven M. A. C. van Heuven (54) , Doug Vandemark (31) , Brian Ward (55) , Andrew J. Watson (8) , Suqing Xu (21)

1 Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric, school of Environmental Sciences
2 UiB - University of Bergen
3 BCCR - Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
4 E-CO2 - Équipe CO2
5 PMEL - NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle]
6 JISAO - Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean
7 NIES - National Institute for Environmental Studies
8 University of Exeter
9 GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel]
10 ESRL - NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
11 LDEO - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
12 CSIRO-MAR - CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research
13 AOML - NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
14 Departamento de Oceanografia
15 CIMAS - Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science
16 Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton]
17 Departmento de Engenharia de Produção, Centro de Estudos e Ensaios em Risco e Modelagem Ambiental
18 IPSO - Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique
19 AD2M - Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin
20 School of Marine Science and Policy
21 The Third Institute of Oceanography SOA
22 Department of Marine Sciences
23 NIWA - National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington]
24 Norwegian Polar Institute
25 IMAGES-Espace DEV - Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement
26 CEFAS - Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft]
27 Ocean Systems and Climate Group
28 CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere
29 UHM - University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa]
30 AWI - Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
31 Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory
32 IRD Lago Sul, Brazil
33 UC San Diego - University of California [San Diego]
34 PML - Plymouth Marine Laboratory
35 ORNL - Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge]
36 University of the Aegean
37 Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute
38 MPI-M - Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie
39 GFI / BiU - Geophysical Institute [Bergen]
40 ABC - Austral, Boréal et Carbone
41 Department of Ocean Sciences
42 ATOC - Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Boulder]
43 INSTAAR - Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder]
44 JAMSTEC - Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
45 CIRES - Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
46 National Research Institute for Fisheries Science,Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency
47 USGS - United States Geological Survey [Reston]
48 JMA - Japan Meteorological Agency
49 OPAL - Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory
50 Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde
51 Weathertop consulting LLC
52 International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project
53 WCRP - WCRP Joint planning staff, World Meteorological Organization
54 NIOZ - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
55 AirSea Laboratory, School of Physics and Ryan Institute

The Surface Ocean CO₂ Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO₂ (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO₂ values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO₂ values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO₂ values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO₂ has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. Highprofile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) “living data” publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014). Individual data set files, included in the synthesis product, can be downloaded here: http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.849770. The gridded products are available here: http://dx.doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.SOCAT_V3_GRID.

Domains: Sciences of the Universe [physics]; Earth Sciences; Oceanography

Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Benjamin Pfeil, Camilla S. Landa, Nicolas Metzl, Kevin M. O'Brien, et al.. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO₂ data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO₂ Atlas (SOCAT). Earth System Science Data, 2016, 8, pp.383-413. ⟨10.5194/essd-8-383-2016⟩. ⟨hal-01373436⟩