. Amap-expert and . Group, Climate Change and POPS: Predicting the Impacts, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, 2011.

M. P. Austin, Spatial prediction of species distribution: an interface between ecological theory and statistical modelling, Ecological Modelling, vol.157, issue.2-3, pp.101-118, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00205-3

M. P. Austin, Species distribution models and ecological theory: A critical assessment and some possible new approaches, Ecological Modelling, vol.200, issue.1-2, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.07.005

D. R. Bellwood, T. P. Hughes, C. Folke, and M. Nyström, Confronting the coral reef crisis, Nature, vol.7, issue.6994, pp.827-833, 1038.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01099-9

A. Borja, J. Franco, and V. Pérez, A Marine Biotic Index to Establish the Ecological Quality of Soft-Bottom Benthos Within European Estuarine and Coastal Environments, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.40, issue.12, pp.1100-1114, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00061-8

S. R. Carpenter, M. Walker, J. M. Anderies, A. , and N. , From metaphor to measurement: resilience of what to what? Ecosystems, pp.765-781, 2001.

M. Chen, M. Schliep, Z. R. Willows, D. Cai, B. A. Neilan et al., A Red-Shifted Chlorophyll, Science, vol.329, issue.5997, pp.1318-1319, 2010.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1191127

A. Collin, P. Archambault, and S. Planes, Bridging Ridge-to-Reef Patches: Seamless Classification of the Coast Using Very High Resolution Satellite, Remote Sensing, vol.5, issue.7, pp.3583-3610, 2013.
DOI : 10.3390/rs5073583

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01429038

A. Collin and J. Hench, Towards Deeper Measurements of Tropical Reefscape Structure Using the WorldView-2 Spaceborne Sensor, Remote Sensing, vol.4, issue.12, pp.1425-1447, 2012.
DOI : 10.3390/rs4051425

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01429061

A. Collin, B. Long, and P. Archambault, Mapping the Shallow Water Seabed Habitat With the SHOALS, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol.46, issue.10, pp.2947-2955, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/TGRS.2008.920020

A. Collin and S. Planes, What is the value added of 4 bands within the submetric remote sensing of tropical coastscape? QuickBird-2 vs WorldView-2, 2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2011.
DOI : 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049595

A. Collin and S. Planes, Enhancing Coral Health Detection Using Spectral Diversity Indices from WorldView-2 Imagery and Machine Learners, Remote Sensing, vol.4, issue.12, pp.3244-3264, 2012.
DOI : 10.3390/rs4103244

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01429052

R. Congalton and K. Green, Basic analysis techniques, " in Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data: Principles and Practices, Congalton and K, 1999.

G. S. Cumming, Spatial resilience: integrating landscape ecology, resilience, and sustainability, Landscape Ecology, vol.101, issue.2???3, pp.899-909, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s10980-011-9623-1

G. De-'ath, K. E. Fabricius, H. Sweatman, and M. Puotinen, The 27-year decline of coral cover on the GreatBarrier Reef and its causes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.109, pp.17995-17999, 2012.

K. K. Emanuel, Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30-years Effects of terrestrial runoff on the ecology of corals and coral reefs: review and synthesis, Nature Mar. Pollut. Bull, vol.436, issue.50, pp.686-688, 2005.

C. Folke, Resilience: the emergence of aperspective for socialecological system analyses, Glob. Environ. Change, vol.1, pp.253-267, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.8

R. T. Forman, Land Mosaics: the Ecology of Landscapes and Regions, 1995.

N. J. Gotelli and R. K. Colwell, Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in the measurement and comparison of species richness, Ecology Letters, vol.590, issue.4, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00230.x

A. R. Harborne, P. J. Mumby, C. V. Kappel, C. P. Dahlgren, F. Micheli et al., TROPICAL COASTAL HABITATS AS SURROGATES OF FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, GRAZING, AND FISHERIES VALUE, Ecological Applications, vol.4, issue.7, pp.1689-1701, 2008.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1132294

A. R. Harborne, P. J. Mumby, K. Zychaluk, J. D. Hedley, and P. G. Blackwell, MODELING THE BETA DIVERSITY OF CORAL REEFS, Ecology, vol.87, issue.11, pp.2871-28810012, 2006.
DOI : 10.2307/2259551

A. Hastings and D. B. Wysham, Regime shifts in ecological systems can occur with no warning, Ecology Letters, vol.51, issue.4, pp.464-472, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01439.x

E. J. Hochberg, M. J. Atkinson, and S. Andréfouët, Spectral reflectance of coral reef bottom-types worldwide and implications for coral reef remote sensing, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.85, issue.2, pp.159-173, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00201-8

O. Hoegh-guldberg, R. J. Jones, S. Ward, W. K. Loh, O. Guldberg et al., Ecology (Communication arising): Is coral bleaching really adaptive?, Nature, vol.415, issue.6872, pp.601-602, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/415601a

C. S. Holling, Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.4, issue.1, pp.1-23, 1973.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245

C. S. Holling, Understanding the Complexity of Economic, Ecological, and Social Systems, Ecosystems, vol.4, issue.5, pp.390-405, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s10021-001-0101-5

T. P. Hughes, N. A. Graham, J. B. Jackson, P. J. Mumby, and R. S. Steneck, Rising to the challenge of sustaining coral reef resilience, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.25, issue.11, pp.633-642, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tree.2010.07.011

A. R. Ives, D. , and V. , Detecting dynamical changes in nonlinear time series using locally linear state-space models, Ecosphere, vol.3, issue.6, pp.11-00347, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01393.x

R. E. Koning, Light. Plant Physiology Information Website Available online at, 1994.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-01089658

I. A. Leiper, U. E. Siebeck, N. J. Marshall, and S. R. Phinn, Coral health monitoring: linking coral colour and remote sensing techniques, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.90, issue.1, pp.276-286, 2009.
DOI : 10.5589/m09-016

J. X. Leon, S. R. Phinn, S. Hamylton, and M. I. Saunders, Filling the ???white ribbon??? ??? a multisource seamless digital elevation model for Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.137, issue.18, pp.6337-6354, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.06.002

S. A. Levin, The Problem of Pattern and Scale in Ecology: The Robert H. MacArthur Award Lecture, Ecology, vol.73, issue.6, pp.1943-1967, 1992.
DOI : 10.2307/1941447

S. A. Levin and J. Lubchenco, Resilience, Robustness, and Marine Ecosystem-based Management, BioScience, vol.58, issue.1, pp.1-6, 2008.
DOI : 10.1641/B580107

S. Maritorena, A. Morel, and B. Gentili, Diffuse reflectance of oceanic shallow waters: Influence of water depth and bottom albedo, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.39, issue.7, 1994.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.1994.39.7.1689

M. W. Matthew, S. M. Adler-golden, A. Berk, S. C. Richtsmeier, R. Y. Levine et al., Status of atmospheric correction using a MODTRAN4-based algorithm, Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VI, pp.199-207, 1117.
DOI : 10.1117/12.410341

R. M. May, Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems, 2001.

C. Mellin, S. Andréfouët, M. Kulbicki, M. Dalleau, and L. Vigliola, Remote sensing and fish???habitat relationships in coral reef ecosystems: Review and pathways for multi-scale hierarchical research, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.58, issue.1, pp.11-19, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.10.010

C. D. Mobley, L. K. Sundman, and E. Boss, Phase function effects on oceanic light fields, Applied Optics, vol.41, issue.6, pp.1035-1050, 2002.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.41.001035

N. Myers, R. A. Mittermeier, C. Mittermeier, G. A. Da-fonseca, K. et al., Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities, Nature, vol.403, issue.6772, pp.853-858, 2000.
DOI : 10.1038/35002501

R. B. Myneni, C. D. Keeling, C. J. Tucker, G. Asrar, and R. R. Nemani, Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991, Nature, vol.386, issue.6626, pp.698-702, 1038.
DOI : 10.1038/386698a0

M. Nystrom and C. Folke, Spatial Resilience of Coral Reefs, Ecosystems, vol.4, issue.5, pp.406-417, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s10021-001-0019-y

S. Pegau, J. R. Zaneveld, B. G. Mitchell, J. L. Mueller, M. Kahru et al., Inherent Optical Properties: Instruments, Characterizations, Field Measurements and Data Analysis Protocols. Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, p.211621, 2003.

N. Pettorelli, J. O. Vik, A. Mysterud, J. Gaillard, C. J. Tucker et al., Using the satellite-derived NDVI to assess ecological responses to environmental change, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.20, issue.9, pp.503-510, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tree.2005.05.011

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00427841

S. Piao, J. Fang, P. Ciais, P. Peylin, Y. Huang et al., The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China, Nature, vol.43, issue.7241, pp.1009-1013, 1038.
DOI : 10.1038/nature07944

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/bioemco-00450899

G. Roff and P. J. Mumby, Global disparity in the resilience of coral reefs, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.27, issue.7, pp.404-413, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tree.2012.04.007

T. P. Rooney, S. M. Wiegmann, D. A. Rogers, and D. M. Waller, Biotic Impoverishment and Homogenization in Unfragmented Forest Understory Communities, Conservation Biology, vol.3, issue.8, pp.787-798, 1038.
DOI : 10.2307/1313420

G. Rowlands, P. Purkis, B. Riegl, B. Bruckner, R. et al., Satellite imaging coral reef resilience at regional scale. A case-study from Saudi Arabia, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.64, issue.6, pp.1222-1237, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.03.003

J. Smith, Baselines and degradation of central Pacific benthic reef communities, Proceedings of the 12 th International Coral Reef Symposium, 2012.

R. C. Smith and K. S. Baker, Optical properties of the clearest naturalwaters (200-800nm), Appl. Opt, vol.2020, pp.177-184, 1981.

R. P. Stumpf, K. Holderied, and M. Sinclair, Determination of water depth with high-resolution satellite imagery over variable bottom types, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.48, issue.1part2, pp.547-556, 2003.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.2003.48.1_part_2.0547

M. Sturm, Arctic Plants Feel the Heat, Scientific American, vol.302, issue.5, pp.48-55, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/scientificamerican0510-66

C. J. Tucker, Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.8, issue.2, pp.127-150, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-4257(79)90013-0

M. G. Turner, R. H. Gardner, O. Neill, and R. V. , Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4939-2794-4

B. Walker, C. S. Holling, S. R. Carpenter, and A. Kinzig, Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social?ecological systems Available online at, Ecol. Soc, vol.9, issue.5, 2004.

S. N. White, A. D. Chave, R. , and G. T. , Investigations of ambient light emission at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.64, issue.8, pp.1-10, 2002.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JB000015

C. Wilkinson, Status of Coral Reefs of the World, Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network and Reef and Rainforest Research Centre, 2008.

M. Zhao and S. W. Running, Drought-Induced Reduction in Global Terrestrial Net Primary Production from 2000 Through 2009, Science, vol.329, issue.5994, pp.940-943, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1192666